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Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger Quit ICC, Call It Neo-Colonial Tool

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Military juntas in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger jointly announced their withdrawal from the International Criminal Court (ICC) on September 23, 2025, calling it a "neo-colonial" tool. 

This decision marks a significant turn away from Western institutions for the three military-led states, which are now members of the Alliance of Sahel States.

In a joint statement, the three Sahel nations, now allied under the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), accused the ICC of failing to prosecute major war crimes and vowed to establish homegrown justice mechanisms.

The juntas offered several reasons for their departure, accusing the ICC of bias and a "neo-colonial" agenda.

They allege the court unfairly targets African nations while ignoring serious crimes committed elsewhere. They stated that the ICC has proven "incapable of handling and prosecuting proven war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes of genocide, and crimes of aggression".

The three countries framed their withdrawal as a move toward greater sovereignty. The Alliance of Sahel States, formed after their military takeovers, has aimed to distance itself from institutions perceived as Western-dominated.

The withdrawal reflects a broader pivot away from Western influence and toward countries like Russia, whose president also faces an ICC arrest warrant.

Establishment of regional justice: The countries stated they would instead create their own "indigenous mechanisms for the consolidation of peace and justice".

The withdrawal follows a period of military coups in all three countries between 2020 and 2023, during which they have deepened ties with Russia and severed military cooperation with former colonial power France.

International observers point out that the move came amid allegations of human rights abuses by the militaries in all three countries.

The UN and rights groups have raised concerns over possible war crimes and crimes against humanity in Burkina Faso and Mali, particularly in relation to the fight against jihadist groups.

The ICC has had an ongoing investigation into potential war crimes in Mali since 2013.

The withdrawal will take effect one year after the decision is officially communicated to the United Nations Secretary-General.

The move will not affect the ongoing ICC investigation in Mali, which covers crimes committed up to the date the withdrawal becomes effective.

Rights organizations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have warned that the withdrawal will undermine justice and endanger civilians by removing a "critical layer of human rights protection" in a region plagued by conflict. 

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